When you’re out on the water, safety should always be a top priority. One of the most important pieces of emergency equipment on any boat is the marine flare. Flares are crucial for signaling distress and alerting rescuers to your location in a maritime emergency. Whether you’re an experienced boater or new to recreational boating, understanding how to properly store, handle, and use marine flares can make all the difference in an emergency situation. Let’s dive into the different types of flares, when and how to use them, and tips for keeping them ready when you need them most.
Marine flares come in several different types, each designed for specific situations. As a recreational boater, you should be familiar with all of them:
Handheld flares produce a bright, intense red flame that is highly visible in low-light or nighttime conditions, making them an essential tool for signaling nearby rescuers. They are most effective when assistance is already in the vicinity, such as when you spot another vessel or see searchlights in the distance. Because handheld flares have a relatively short burn time—typically around one to three minutes—and a limited visibility range compared to aerial flares, they are best used strategically to confirm your exact location once rescuers are within sight. When using a handheld flare, always hold it at arm’s length, pointed downward and over the side of the boat, to prevent burns or accidental deck fires, as molten residue can drip while burning.
Aerial flares, also known as rocket or parachute flares, are designed to launch high into the sky, making them visible from long distances and ideal for alerting rescuers who may be far offshore or over the horizon. When fired, these flares can reach heights of several hundred feet, with parachute models slowly descending to extend their burn time and maximize visibility. They are effective both during the day and at night, with bright red illumination at night and a noticeable smoke trail in daylight. Because of their long-range visibility, aerial flares are best used when you need to attract the attention of search-and-rescue teams, passing aircraft, or distant vessels. Always fire them away from your boat and other people, and space out multiple launches to increase your chances of being spotted.
Smoke flares, typically bright orange in color, are designed for daytime use and are highly effective for signaling rescuers by creating a thick, visible cloud that can be seen from great distances. The dense smoke plume stands out against the water, making it especially valuable for attracting the attention of search-and-rescue aircraft or vessels scanning the area. Smoke flares are particularly useful in busy boating areas where visual signals need to stand out among other vessels, or when drifting in open water where a stationary smoke trail can help rescuers pinpoint your exact location. For best results, deploy smoke flares downwind of your boat and as close to the water as possible, allowing the smoke to spread and linger longer, improving visibility.
Electronic flares, also known as LED beacons, are a modern and increasingly popular alternative to traditional pyrotechnic flares. Powered by long-lasting batteries, these devices emit a bright, flashing SOS signal that can operate for hours, making them ideal for prolonged emergencies or overnight rescues. Unlike traditional flares, electronic versions don’t burn out in minutes, don’t pose a fire risk, and are reusable, making them a cost-effective and eco-friendly addition to your emergency kit. Many are approved by the U.S. Coast Guard as a replacement for pyrotechnic night signals when paired with an orange distress flag for daytime use. With no expiration concerns and simple operation—just switch them on and secure them in a visible location—they are an excellent choice for boaters who want reliable, low-maintenance safety gear.
Marine flares should only be used in real emergencies. Misuse of flares can lead to unnecessary rescue operations and potential legal consequences. A flare is considered a distress signal, so only use one if you are in danger and need immediate assistance.
Common situations that warrant the use of a flare include:
Always attempt to use other communication devices first, such as a VHF radio or cell phone, but if those fail or if you need to make your location highly visible, a flare is the next best option.
Flares are not just for catastrophic emergencies—they’re also used in less severe, but still serious, situations. For example:
Using a flare correctly is crucial, both for safety and effectiveness. Always follow the manufacturer’s instructions, but here are general guidelines for each type:
Proper storage of marine flares ensures they work when you need them most:
Handling marine flares safely begins with preparation. While you can’t legally ignite flares for practice without proper authorization, you should take time to read and understand the instructions on each flare before heading out on the water. When using pyrotechnic flares, always wear gloves and eye protection to minimize the risk of burns or injuries. It’s also critical to remember never to point a flare at another person, boat, or any flammable material, as these devices burn at extremely high temperatures and can cause serious damage.
Proper disposal of expired flares is just as important as safe usage. Never throw them overboard or in the trash—instead, check with local authorities or the U.S. Coast Guard for approved disposal options. Additionally, make sure that everyone on board is educated about flare safety. Each crew member should know where flares are stored and understand how to use them in case of an emergency. Taking these precautions ensures a safer boating experience for everyone.
In the United States, the U.S. Coast Guard requires most recreational vessels operating in coastal waters, the Great Lakes, or on the high seas to carry visual distress signals, including approved flares. Requirements vary depending on your boat’s size and whether you’re operating during the day or night, so always check current regulations before heading out.
Electronic visual distress signals (eVDSDs), such as approved LED beacons, are now accepted as alternatives to pyrotechnic flares for many recreational boaters. However, carrying a combination of both provides the best coverage for all scenarios.
If you’re boating in Florida’s coastal waters, carrying the right visual distress signals isn’t just smart—it’s the law. Florida follows U.S. Coast Guard regulations, which require recreational boats operating in the Gulf, Atlantic, or any ocean-connected waterways to have approved flares or electronic visual distress signals (eVDSD) on board. Boats under 16 feet need at least three night signals, while those 16 feet or longer must carry a minimum of three day and three night signals, or three combination day/night flares. All pyrotechnic flares must be unexpired—valid for 42 months from the date of manufacture—though keeping expired flares as backups is allowed if stored separately.
Store them in a waterproof container in an easy-to-reach spot, and make sure everyone on board knows where they are and how to use them. Whether you choose traditional pyrotechnic flares or newer electronic options paired with an orange distress flag, being prepared ensures you can signal for help quickly when it matters most.
Marine flares are an essential part of your boating safety gear, but they’re only effective if you know how and when to use them. Regularly inspect and replace your flares, educate everyone on board, and practice emergency drills so you’re ready if the unexpected happens. Having properly stored, up-to-date flares—and knowing exactly how to deploy them—can save valuable time in an emergency and could be the key to getting rescued quickly.
When it comes to boating safety, preparation is everything. A little knowledge and the right equipment can turn a potentially dangerous situation into a manageable one, helping ensure you and your passengers return to shore safely after every trip.
